Cross Culture

What do i think about cross culture?

Hmm. . Lets see :)

i have born in a Javanese and Sundanese family, a really great family. Since i was a child, my daddy's placed in several cities. Well, it was mostly in Java Island. Thats why i speak javanese. Its something i love, somehow. I have friends from different places around Indonesia. But i should admit a really embarrasing fact, that is : i only know 2 types of people. One is People from Java, and the other is People from outer Java :D

Well, it makes me laugh somehow. Bcs i know thats stupid now. Anyhow, my dad was placed to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. So he took us there too. Its a great city. An international city with lots of nationalities present. There are so many schools. From domestics to Internationals. Living there, made me realize lots of things. One thing, Indonesia has everything. Especially the food. Indonesian foods are really expensive.

Lets back to the topic :p

Because of the opportunities of living in that country, i have met a lot of people from various nationalities. It has made me learned many lessons about their habits, attitude, and traditional stuff. It has made me understand a bit more about what others think about Indonesia. Oh yeah, i should mention one thing that they always remember about Indonesia, that is "Indomie" :D

Cross culture is really fun, because we can exchange so many things. Especially knowledge.

But i should again admit, i only grouped people from Indonesia as People from Java and People from outer Java :D

Until I finally had decided to continue my study in D4 ITB SEAMOLEC join program. There, i met people from different cities around Indonesia. My classmates are coming from Jakarta, East Java, Lombok, Padang, North Sumatra, Aceh, Palembang, Jogjakarta, West Java, and even Cambodia. So i hear them speak their language everyday. And there, i could finally realize that Batak and Padang are different. Even east java and middle java has their own uniqueness. Indonesia has many cultures. Im glad im being a part of it. And also, because i meet those very various people from various cities everyday, i've had learned many languages. Its fun, you know. Because there will always benefits that will be earned by learning languages.

So if i should say about cross culture in one word, i will say ... FUN! :)

Now, What do you think about Cross Culture? and Why?

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do you know

Every heart has hidden treasures,

a secret wish, a silent dream,

and a cherished love.

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Solving Process

This is still about one of my favorite subject. I forgot the name of the chapter. But I really love this chapter :D

Washing Soda

-          Na₂CO₃ 10H₂O = Sodium carbonate deca hydrate

-          Na₂CO₃  = Soda ash

Preparation by Solvay Process :

NaCl + NH₃ + H₂O + CO₂ -> NH₄Cl + NaHCO₃

CaCO₃ -> CaO + CO₂

CaO + H₂O -> Ca(OH)₂

Ca(OH)₂ + 2NH₄Cl -> CaCl₂ + 2NH₃ + 2H₂O

2NaHCO₃ –-with catalyst---> Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

Also known as :

CaCO₃  = Lime stone

CaO + CO₂ = Quick lime

Ca(OH)₂ = Slaked lime

Properties :

-          Efflorescence. Because Na₂CO₃ 10H₂O ---with sunlight--> Na₂CO₃  H₂O + 9H₂O

-          Alkaline in nature

-          Na₂CO₃ 10H₂O à Na₂CO₃ + 10H₂O

Uses :

-          Glass, soap, paper, and preparation of C compound like Borax and Caustic soda.

-          Removing permanent hardness in water.

-          Laundry (as washing soda).

-          Cleaning agent for domestic purposes.

-          As laboratory reagent.

Glass

-          Na₂O . CaO . 6SiO₂ = Batch

-          Batch + Glass pieces = Cullet

Preparation :

-          Na₂CO₃ + SiO₂ -> Na₂SiO₃ + CO₂

-          CaCO₃ + SiO₂ -> CaSiO₃ + CO₂

-          Annealing = Slow process and uniform cooling.

Uses and Properties can be read in here :)

Bleaching Powder

-          CaOCl₂ = Calcium oxychloride. It also known as Chloride of lime.

-          Ca(OH)₂ + Cl₂ --> CaOCl₂ + H₂O

Properties :

-          Yellowish-white color

-          It loses Cl₂ while doing action with acid (CO₂ / 2HCl / H₂SO₄)

Uses :

-          Bleaching cotton in textile industry

-          Bleaching wood pulp in paper factories

-          Washed clothes in laundry

-          Oxidizing agent

-          Disinfecting drinking water

Baking Soda

-          NaHCO₃ = Sodiumhydrogencarbonate

-          Preparation = Solvay Process

Properties :

-          Crystal, solid, transparent

-          White

-          Alkaline

-          Soluble in water

-          Aerate the dough. Because 2NaHCO₃ --heat--> Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

Uses :

-          Neutralize excess acid (antacid)

-          Bakery as baking powder (NaHCO₃ and tartaric acid)

-          Fire extinguish (NaHCO₃ and sulphuric acid)

Plaster of Paris

-          CaSO₄ . ½ H₂O = Calcium Sulphate hemy hydrate

Preparation :

-          By heating Gypsum = CaSO₄ . 2H₂O

-          CaSO₄ . 2H₂O –with catalyst+374 K--> CaSO₄ . ½ H₂O + 1 ½ H₂O

Properties :

-          CaSO₄ . ½ H₂O + 1 ½ H₂O --> CaSO₄ . 2H₂O

Uses :

-          Making toys, decoration, jewellery, and cosmetics.

-          Medical applications.

-          Interior designs.

-          In laboratories -> For sealing the air gap.

Steel

-          Manufacture using Bessemer Converter :

2Mn + O₂ --> 2MnO

Si + O₂ --> SiO₂

2C + O₂ --> 2CO

MnO + SiO₂--> MnSiO₃ (slag)

4P + 5O₂--> 2P₂O₅

3CaO + P₂O₅ --> Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (slag)

Properties :

-          Quenching -- Cooling it by plunging into cold water (hard steel)

-          Tempering -- Cooled slowly (Elastic and much less brittle)

-          Annealing -- Adjusting the temperature and cooling slowly (soft steel)

Uses :

-          7 – 20% Mn - (hard & tough) steel helmets and rock crushing machinery, etc.

-          Cr & Ni - aeroplane parts, motorcars, bicycle parts, etc.

-          36% Ni - Scientific Instruments

-          46% Ni - Lamp bulbs and radio velves

-          35% Co - magnetism

-          35% Si - transformers and electromagnets

-          15% Si – pumps and pipes which carry acids.

-          15-20% tungsten + a lil vanadium + 5% Cr – drilling tools

-          18% Cr & Ni – Stainless steel, utensils, and surgical instrument  

Cement

Manufacture :

-          Raw materials : Lime stone and Clay

-          Composition :

CaO (60-70%)

SiO₂ (20-30%)

Al₂O₃ (5-10%)

Fe₂O₃ (2-3%)

-          In the ration 3:1 by mass

-          Heated to 1773 K in Rotary Kiln to produce clinker

-          It formed :

Ca₂SiO₄

Ca₃SiO₄

Ca₂Al₂O₆

-          And then mixed with (2-5%) Gypsum [CaSO₄ . 2H₂O]

Uses :

-          Cement + Sand --> Mortar

Used for plastering and binding bricks and stones.

-          Cement + Sand + Crushed stones --> concrete

Construction of buildings, roads, dams, bridges, etc.

-          Concrete + steel rods, bars, and other hard materials --> RCC (Reinforced Concrete Cement)

Used for making pipes, gutters, etc.

Lime

-          CaO = Quick lime

Manufacture by using Calcining

-          CaCO₃ -> CaO + CO₂  (a reversible reaction)

Properties :

-          Melting point = 2273 K

-          Produced brilliant white lime light when heated in an oxy-hydrogen flame.

-          When added to water, produced hissing sound + heat + slaked lime.
           [slaking of lime] CaO + H₂O -> Ca(OH)₂
           Reacts with moist HCl to form CaCl₂
           CaO + 2HCl -> CaCl₂ + H₂O
       
        Uses :
          Drying agent [ for drying ammonia and alcohol]
          Manufacture of CaCl₂, cement, and glass
          Making furnace lining as slaked lie
          White washing
 

-

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Katakan

Katakan dengan hatimu ..

" Aku adalah seorang lelaki

yang akan menjaga hatimu

yang kan setia berada disampingmu

yang kan hadir di setiap tawa tangismu

menjauhkanmu dari mimpi burukmu

memahami setiap ingin dan tidakmu .. "

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Different Types of Glass

This chemistry notes of mine was taken when I was preparing for my chemistry weekly test few years ago. I hope its useful :)

Soda Glass [Soft Glass]
- Cheapest and common.
- Prepared by fusing Soda Ash, Sand, and Limestone.
- Used for the manufacture of window glass, mirrors, common glassware, etc.
- Its easily attacked by chemicals.

Hard Glass
- Prepared by fusing Potassium Carbonate and Limestone.
- For making hard glass apparatus.
- Its more resistance to the action of Acids.

Lead Crystal Glass
- Potassium Carbonate, Sand, and Lead Oxide [PbO]
- Cut glasses show extraordinary sparkle.

Pyrex Glass [Borosilicate Glass]
- Mixture of Sand, Lime, Borax, and Alkali Carbonates.

- Borax (Na₂B₄O₇ 10H₂O)

- Good chemical durability and thermal shock resistance

- Used for making laboratory apparatus, ampoules, pharmaceutical containers, etc. and ovenware.

Optical Glass

- Used for aking lenses for spectacles, cameras, microscopes, telescopes, and other optical instruments.

Photochromatic Glass

- Temporarily darkens when exposed to sunlight because of the presence of silver bromide.

Safety Glass

- Prepared by placing a layer of transparent plastic between the 2 layers.

- Usually used to make wind screen of aeroplanes, automobiles, bullet proof glass, etc.

Glass fibre

- Excellent heat insulator.

- Optical fibre - used in telecommunications, surgical.

Coloured Glass

- By adding Metallic Oxides, Molten Mass, and certain colouring; such as :

Ferric Oxide : Brown

Chromic Oxide : Green

Manganese dioxide : Purple

Cobalt Oxide : Blue

- Used for manufacturing fancy articles, window panes, etc.

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moving day

Today, my room mates and i are moving to temporary living place. Before that, i should mention that im staying at merica place since this july. Well, not only me. But together with a lot of friends of mine, of course in different building. Here, the places are likely more to houses. Im staying with two of my friends in door E. In this door, we have 2 floor, 1 bath room, 2 sleeping room in the upstairs, and one room that could be used as a sleeping room ( but we use it as multi function room. We use it as living room, dining room, and guest room :D ). I forgot to mention that we have kitchen too, and we cook!

So, the story begins here. This Merica Place is usually accepting guests from outer Jakarta yearly. Those guests are graduaters from Universitas Terbuka. Fortunately, its next week! *ohGod

The first plan was us will be moved to the owner's house. But you should noted that the owner's house is sooooo faaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaar. Well i dont know how far, bcs i haven't been there yet. But we dont wanna take any risk.

And sooooo, after we discussing and compelling the responsible person of this place and that person was saying it to the owner, its finally decided that we'll not be moved that far, but we will be grouped. So here we are. The girls are grouped with the girls and the boys grouped with the guys. We, house E are staying together with house A. Its kind tiring bcs we have a loooooooot of things :D

Well, it may be tiring. But i hope it will be great bcs we're mating with new people :)

ok then. Good nite. Im tired enough after moving and cleaning and arranging things in new place. I hope tomorrow will be greater. See yaaaaa!

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Hello (:

Good Morning everyone.

How was yesterday?

Hope today will be better for all of us (:

What is it like if somebody greet you in the morning with a really big smile?

What if your parent hug you and saying a loving word to you?

And you sister or brother acting so nice.

Wouldn't your morning be so special?

Yes, it will.

So why don't you make someone elses life special because of you :)

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